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ÃÎÑÒ 30813-2002

ÌÅÆÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ

ÂÎÄÀ È ÂÎÄÎÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÀ

Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÌÅÆÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÎÂÅÒ
ÏÎ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒÈÇÀÖÈÈ, ÌÅÒÐÎËÎÃÈÈ È ÑÅÐÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ

Ìèíñê

Ïðåäèñëîâèå

1 ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÀÍ Òåõíè÷åñêèì êîìèòåòîì ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ÒÊ 343 «Êà÷åñòâî âîäû» (ÂÍÈÈ-ñòàíäàðò, Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ýêîëîãèè ÷åëîâåêà è ãèãèåíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû èì. À.Í. Ñûñèíà, Ôåäåðàëüíûé öåíòð Ãîññàíýïèäíàäçîðà Ðîññèè, ÀÖ «Ðîñà», ÃÓÏ «Öåíòð èññëåäîâàíèÿ è êîíòðîëÿ âîäû», ÎÎÎ «Ëþìýêñ», Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò êîììóíàëüíîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ è î÷èñòêè âîäû, Íèæåãîðîäñêèé öåíòð ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè, ìåòðîëîãèè è ñåðòèôèêàöèè, ÃÔÓÏ Âñåðîññèéñêèé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé èíñòèòóò ãèäðîãåîëîãèè è èíæåíåðíîé ãåîëîãèè, Ôåäåðàëüíûé íàó÷íûé öåíòð ãèãèåíû èì. Ô.Ô. Ýðèñìàíà)

ÂÍÅÑÅÍ Ãîññòàíäàðòîì Ðîññèè

2 ÏÐÈÍßÒ Ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûì Ñîâåòîì ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè, ìåòðîëîãèè è ñåðòèôèêàöèè (ïðîòîêîë ¹ 21 îò 30 ìàÿ 2002 ã.)

Çà ïðèíÿòèå ïðîãîëîñîâàëè:

Íàèìåíîâàíèå ãîñóäàðñòâà

Íàèìåíîâàíèå íàöèîíàëüíîãî îðãàíà ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè

Ðåñïóáëèêà Àðìåíèÿ

Àðìãîññòàíäàðò

Ðåñïóáëèêà Êàçàõñòàí

Ãîññòàíäàðò Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõñòàí

Êûðãûçñêàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà

Êûðãûçñòàíäàðò

Ðåñïóáëèêà Ìîëäîâà

Ìîëäîâàñòàíäàðò

Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ

Ãîññòàíäàðò Ðîññèè

Ðåñïóáëèêà Òàäæèêèñòàí

Òàäæèêñòàíäàðò

Òóðêìåíèñòàí

Ãëàâãîññëóæáà «Òóðêìåíñòàíäàðòëàðû»

Ðåñïóáëèêà Óçáåêèñòàí

Óçãîññòàíäàðò

3 Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò ñîäåðæèò òåðìèíû, ïðåäóñìîòðåííûå â ÈÑÎ 6107-1-8:1996 «Êà÷åñòâî âîäû. Ñëîâàðü», ñ óòî÷íåíèÿìè è äîïîëíåíèÿìè, îòðàæàþùèìè ïðàêòèêó â îáëàñòè âîäîïîäãîòîâêè

4 Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîìèòåòà ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè è ìåòðîëîãèè îò 12 íîÿáðÿ 2002 ã. ¹ 409-ñò ìåæãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ñòàíäàðò ÃÎÑÒ 30813-2002 ââåäåí â äåéñòâèå íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â êà÷åñòâå ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ñòàíäàðòà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ñ 1 ÿíâàðÿ 2004 ã.

5 ÂÂÅÄÅÍ ÂÏÅÐÂÛÅ

ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ

Ââåäåíèå

Óñòàíîâëåííûå â ñòàíäàðòå òåðìèíû ðàñïîëîæåíû â ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàííîì ïîðÿäêå, îòðàæàþùåì ñèñòåìó ïîíÿòèé â îáëàñòè âîäíûõ îáúåêòîâ, îòáîðà ïðîá, âîäîïîäãîòîâêè, îáîðóäîâàíèÿ è ìàòåðèàëîâ äëÿ âîäîïîäãîòîâêè, ñèñòåì ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ, à òàêæå ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ è áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé êà÷åñòâà âîäû.

Äëÿ êàæäîãî ïîíÿòèÿ óñòàíîâëåí îäèí ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûé òåðìèí.

Ïðèâåäåííûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîæíî, ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè, èçìåíèòü, ââîäÿ â íèõ ïðîèçâîäíûå ïðèçíàêè, ðàñêðûâàÿ çíà÷åíèÿ èñïîëüçóåìûõ â íèõ òåðìèíîâ, óêàçûâàÿ îáúåêòû, âõîäÿùèå â îáúåì îïðåäåëÿåìîãî ïîíÿòèÿ. Èçìåíåíèÿ íå äîëæíû íàðóøàòü îáúåì è ñîäåðæàíèå ïîíÿòèé, îïðåäåëåííûõ â äàííîì ñòàíäàðòå.

 ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåíû èíîÿçû÷íûå ýêâèâàëåíòû ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûõ òåðìèíîâ íà íåìåöêîì (de), àíãëèéñêîì (en) è ôðàíöóçñêîì (fr) ÿçûêàõ.

Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîíÿòèé, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ òåêñòà ñòàíäàðòà, ïðèâåäåíû â ïðèëîæåíèè À.

Ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûå òåðìèíû íàáðàíû ïîëóæèðíûì øðèôòîì, èõ êðàòêèå ôîðìû, â òîì ÷èñëå àááðåâèàòóðû, - ñâåòëûì.

 òåêñòå ñòàíäàðòà îòäåëüíûå òåðìèíû ïîìå÷åíû çíàêàìè *, **:

* - òåðìèí ââåäåí äîïîëíèòåëüíî ê ÈÑÎ 6107-1-8:1996;

** - òåðìèí è (èëè) åãî îïðåäåëåíèå óòî÷íåíû ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ïðèâåäåííûì â ÈÑÎ 6107-1-8:1996.

ÃÎÑÒ 30813-2002

ÌÅÆÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ

ÂÎÄÀ È ÂÎÄÎÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÀ

Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

Water and water-preparation.
Terms and definitions

Äàòà ââåäåíèÿ 2004-01-01

1 Îáëàñòü ïðèìåíåíèÿ

Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíàâëèâàåò îñíîâíûå òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîíÿòèé â îáëàñòè âîäíûõ îáúåêòîâ, âîäîïîäãîòîâêè, ãèäðîòåõíèêè, âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ, êàíàëèçàöèè, à òàêæå ïîêàçàòåëåé êà÷åñòâà âîäû.

Òåðìèíû, óñòàíîâëåííûå íàñòîÿùèì ñòàíäàðòîì, îáÿçàòåëüíû äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ âî âñåõ âèäàõ äîêóìåíòàöèè è ëèòåðàòóðû, âõîäÿùèõ â ñôåðó ðàáîò ïî ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè è/èëè èñïîëüçóþùèõ ðåçóëüòàòû ýòèõ ðàáîò.

Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò ñëåäóåò ïðèìåíÿòü ñîâìåñòíî ñî ñòàíäàðòàìè: ÃÎÑÒ 17.1.1.01; ÃÎÑÒ 19179; ÃÎÑÒ 19185; ÃÎÑÒ 25150; ÃÎÑÒ 25151; ÃÎÑÒ 26966; ÃÎÑÒ 27065.

2 Íîðìàòèâíûå ññûëêè

 íàñòîÿùåì ñòàíäàðòå èñïîëüçîâàíû ññûëêè íà ñëåäóþùèå ñòàíäàðòû:

ÃÎÑÒ 17.1.1.01-77 Îõðàíà ïðèðîäû. Ãèäðîñôåðà. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå è îõðàíà âîä. Îñíîâíûå òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÃÎÑÒ 19179-73 Ãèäðîëîãèÿ ñóøè. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÃÎÑÒ 19185-73 Ãèäðîòåõíèêà. Îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÃÎÑÒ 25150-82 Êàíàëèçàöèÿ. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÃÎÑÒ 25151-82 Âîäîñíàáæåíèå. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÃÎÑÒ 26966-86 Ñîîðóæåíèÿ âîäîçàáîðíûå, âîäîñáðîñíûå è çàòâîðû. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÃÎÑÒ 27065-86 Êà÷åñòâî âîä. Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

3 Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ

ÎÁÙÈÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈß

1* ïèòüåâîå âîäîñíàáæåíèå: Äåÿòåëüíîñòü, íàïðàâëåííàÿ íà îáåñïå÷åíèå ïîòðåáèòåëåé ïèòüåâîé âîäîé, âêëþ÷àþùàÿ â ñåáÿ âûáîð, îõðàíó èñòî÷íèêîâ è ñîîðóæåíèé âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ, ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå, ñòðîèòåëüñòâî, ýêñïëóàòàöèþ ñèñòåì âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ, çàáîð, ïîäãîòîâêó, õðàíåíèå, ïîäà÷ó ê ìåñòàì ïîòðåáëåíèÿ è ðåàëèçàöèþ ïèòüåâîé âîäû

en    drinking water supply

2* ãèãèåíè÷åñêèå íîðìàòèâû êà÷åñòâà ïèòüåâîé âîäû: Ñîâîêóïíîñòü íàó÷íî îáîñíîâàííûõ è óñòàíîâëåííûõ ñàíèòàðíûìè ïðàâèëàìè ïðåäåëüíî äîïóñòèìûõ çíà÷åíèé ïîêàçàòåëåé îðãàíîëåïòè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ, ñîäåðæàíèÿ õèìè÷åñêèõ âåùåñòâ è ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ â ïèòüåâîé âîäå, ãàðàíòèðóþùèõ áåçîïàñíîñòü è áåçâðåäíîñòü ïèòüåâîé âîäû äëÿ æèçíè è çäîðîâüÿ ÷åëîâåêà íåçàâèñèìî îò ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòè åå èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ

 

3** ïèòüåâàÿ âîäà: Âîäà, ïî êà÷åñòâó â åñòåñòâåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè èëè ïîñëå ïîäãîòîâêè îòâå÷àþùàÿ ãèãèåíè÷åñêèì íîðìàòèâàì è ïðåäíàçíà÷åííàÿ äëÿ óäîâëåòâîðåíèÿ ïèòüåâûõ è áûòîâûõ ïîòðåáíîñòåé ÷åëîâåêà ëèáî äëÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà ïðîäóêöèè, ïîòðåáëÿåìîé ÷åëîâåêîì

de    trinkbares Wasser

en    drinking water

fr     eau de boisson

4** ìèíåðàëüíàÿ âîäà: Ïðèðîäíàÿ ïîäçåìíàÿ âîäà, õàðàêòåðèçóþùàÿñÿ ïîñòîÿííûì èîííî-ñîëåâûì ñîñòàâîì, ñîäåðæàíèåì áèîëîãè÷åñêè àêòèâíûõ êîìïîíåíòîâ è ñïåöèôè÷åñêèìè ñâîéñòâàìè.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Ìèíåðàëüíûå âîäû ÷àùå âñåãî îáëàäàþò ïîâûøåííûì ñîëåñîäåðæàíèåì è ìîãóò îáëàäàòü ëå÷åáíûì äåéñòâèåì

de    Mineralwasser

en    mineral water

fr     eau minerale

5* ïîäçåìíàÿ âîäà: Âîäà, â òîì ÷èñëå ìèíåðàëüíàÿ, íàõîäÿùàÿñÿ â ïîäçåìíûõ âîäíûõ îáúåêòàõ

 

6* àðòåçèàíñêàÿ âîäà: Íàïîðíàÿ ïîäçåìíàÿ âîäà, çàêëþ÷åííàÿ â ãëóáîêèõ âîäîíîñíûõ ïëàñòàõ ìåæäó âîäîíåïðîíèöàåìûìè ñëîÿìè

 

7* ìîðñêàÿ âîäà: Âîäà, ñîñðåäîòî÷åííàÿ â ìîðÿõ è îêåàíàõ

 

8 äîæäåâàÿ âîäà: Âîäà, îáðàçîâàííàÿ èç àòìîñôåðíûõ îñàäêîâ, â êîòîðóþ åùå íå ïîñòóïèëè ðàñòâîðèìûå âåùåñòâà èç ïîâåðõíîñòíîãî ñëîÿ çåìëè

de    Regenwasser

en    rain water

fr     eau de pluie

ÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÎÁÚÅÊÒÛ

9* èñòî÷íèê ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ: Âîäíûé îáúåêò (èëè åãî ÷àñòü), êîòîðûé ñîäåðæèò âîäó, îòâå÷àþùóþ óñòàíîâëåííûì ãèãèåíè÷åñêèì íîðìàòèâàì äëÿ èñòî÷íèêîâ ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ, è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ èëè ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí äëÿ çàáîðà âîäû â ñèñòåìû ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ

 

10 ðîäíèê: Åñòåñòâåííûé ñîñðåäîòî÷åííûé âûõîä ïîäçåìíîé âîäû íà ïîâåðõíîñòü çåìëè

de    Quelle

en    spring

fr     source

11 ðó÷åé: Íåáîëüøîé âîäîòîê, îáðàçîâàííûé ñíåãîâûìè, äîæäåâûìè âîäàìè, à òàêæå âûõîäÿùèìè íà ïîâåðõíîñòü ïîäçåìíûìè âîäàìè

de    Bach

en    stream

fr     cours d’eau

12** ìîðå: Êðóïíûé åñòåñòâåííûé âîäîåì, ÿâëÿþùèéñÿ ÷àñòüþ îêåàíà, îáîñîáëåííûé ñóùåé èëè âîçâûøåíèÿìè ïîäâîäíîãî ðåëüåôà è îòëè÷àþùèéñÿ îò îêåàíà ôèçèêî-ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè îñîáåííîñòÿìè

de    Meer

en    sea

fr     mer

13** ñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ âîäíîãî îáúåêòà: Íàëè÷èå âíóòðè âîäíîé ìàññû ñëîåâ, õàðàêòåðèçóþùèõñÿ ðàçíîé ïëîòíîñòüþ, òåìïåðàòóðîé, ñîëåñîäåðæàíèåì, à òàêæå ðàçíûì ñîäåðæàíèåì êèñëîðîäà èëè áèîãåííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ

de    Schichtung

en    stratification

fr     stratification

14** äåñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ âîäíîãî îáúåêòà: Ïåðåìåøèâàíèå ñëîåâ âîäû â âîäîåìå èëè ðåçåðâóàðå, ïðèâîäÿùåå ê óñòðàíåíèþ ñòðàòèôèêàöèè

de    Destratifizierung

en    destratification

fr     destratification

15* òðîôíîñòü âîäíîãî îáúåêòà: Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïðîäóêöèîííûõ ñâîéñòâ âîäíîãî îáúåêòà.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå -  ïîðÿäêå óâåëè÷åíèÿ ïðîäóêöèîííûõ ñâîéñòâ âûäåëÿþò òðè òèïà âîäíûõ îáúåêòîâ: îëèãî-, ìåçî- è åâòðîôíûå

de    troph

en    trophic

fr     trophe

ÂÎÄÎÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÀ

16** ôèëüòðîâàíèå âîäû: Îòäåëåíèå ïðèìåñåé, ÷àñòåé èëè ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ îò âîäû ÷åðåç ñëîé ïîðèñòîãî ìàòåðèàëà èëè ñåòêó

de    Filtration

en    filtration

fr     filtration

17** ìåìáðàííîå ôèëüòðîâàíèå âîäû: Ôèëüòðîâàíèå âîäû ÷åðåç ìåìáðàííûé ôèëüòð

de    Membranfiltration

en    membrane filtration

fr     filtration sur membrane

18 äèñòèëëÿöèÿ âîäû: Ïðîöåññ âûïàðèâàíèÿ è êîíäåíñàöèè, èñïîëüçóåìûé äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ âîäû âûñîêîé ñòåïåíè ÷èñòîòû

de    Destillation

en    distillation

fr     distillation

19 äåèîíèçàöèÿ âîäû: Óìåíüøåíèå ñîäåðæàíèÿ èîíîâ â âîäå

de    Entionisierung

en    deionization

fr     deionisation

20 õëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû: Îáåççàðàæèâàíèå âîäû ïóòåì äîáàâëåíèÿ â âîäó õëîðà èëè åãî ñîåäèíåíèé, îáðàçóþùèõ õëîðíîâàòèñòóþ êèñëîòó èëè ãèïîõëîðèò-èîíû

de    Chlorung

en    chlorination

fr     chloration

21** ãèïåðõëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû: Õëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû ïîâûøåííûìè äîçàìè õëîðà

de    Stobchlorung

en    superchlorination

fr     surchloration

22 äåõëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû: Óìåíüøåíèå ñîäåðæàíèÿ îñòàòî÷íîãî õëîðà â âîäå

de    Entchlorung

en    dechlorination

fr     dechloration

23** àììîíèçàöèÿ âîäû: Ïðîöåññ äîáàâëåíèÿ àììèàêà ïðè âîäîïîäãîòîâêå

de    Aminierung

en    ammonization

fr     ammoniation

24 îçîíèðîâàíèå âîäû: Èñïîëüçîâàíèå îçîíà â ïðîöåññå âîäîïîäãîòîâêè äëÿ îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ âîäû è óëó÷øåíèÿ åå îðãàíîëåïòè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ

de    Ozonisierung

en    ozonization

fr     ozonisation

ÎÁÎÐÓÄÎÂÀÍÈÅ È ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÛ ÄËß ÂÎÄÎÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÈ

25** ôëîêóëÿíò: Âåùåñòâî, âûçûâàþùåå èíòåíñèâíîå îáðàçîâàíèå ðûõëûõ õëîïüåâèäíûõ àãðåãàòîâ â ðåçóëüòàòå àãëîìåðàöèè íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â âîäå ìåëêèõ âçâåøåííûõ ÷àñòèö

de    Flockungshilfsmittel

en    flocculation aid

fr     adjuvant de floculation

26 èîíîîáìåííûé ìàòåðèàë: Ìàòåðèàë, ñïîñîáíûé ê îñóùåñòâëåíèþ îáðàòèìîãî îáìåíà èîíîâ ìåæäó ñîáîé è êîíòàêòèðóþùåé âîäîé

de    Ionenaustauschmaterial

en    ion-exchange material

fr     matiere echangeuse d’ions

27 çîîãëåéíàÿ ïëåíêà: Êëåéêàÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ïëåíêà, ñîäåðæàùàÿ áàêòåðèè ðîäà Zoogloea, ïðîñòåéøèå è ãðèáû, ïîêðûâàþùàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòè ýêñïëóàòèðóåìûõ ïåñ÷àíûõ è áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ôèëüòðîâ èëè âíóòðåííèå ïîâåðõíîñòè êàíàëèçàöèîííûõ òðóá

de    Zoogloenfilm

en    zoogloeal film

fr     film de zooglee

28* âîäîî÷èñòíûå óñòðîéñòâà: Òåõíè÷åñêèå èçäåëèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå äëÿ î÷èñòêè, äîî÷èñòêè, îáåççàðàæèâàíèÿ âîäû ñ öåëüþ óëó÷øèòü åå êà÷åñòâî äëÿ ïèòüåâûõ è áûòîâûõ íóæä ÷åëîâåêà

 

29* áûòîâûå âîäîî÷èñòíûå óñòðîéñòâà: Âîäîî÷èñòíûå óñòðîéñòâà, ýêñïëóàòèðóåìûå è îáñëóæèâàåìûå ñàìèìè ïîòðåáèòåëÿìè

 

ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÏÈÒÜÅÂÎÃÎ ÂÎÄÎÑÍÀÁÆÅÍÈß

30* öåíòðàëèçîâàííàÿ ñèñòåìà ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ: Êîìïëåêñ óñòðîéñòâ, ñîîðóæåíèé è òðóáîïðîâîäîâ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûõ äëÿ çàáîðà, ïîäãîòîâêè èëè áåç íåå, õðàíåíèÿ, ïîäà÷è ê ìåñòàì ïîòðåáëåíèÿ ïèòüåâîé âîäû è îòêðûòûé äëÿ îáùåãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ

en    centralization system of drinking water supply

31* íåöåíòðàëèçîâàííàÿ ñèñòåìà ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ: Óñòðîéñòâà è ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå äëÿ çàáîðà ïèòüåâîé âîäû áåç ïîäà÷è åå ê ìåñòàì ïîòðåáëåíèÿ è îòêðûòûå äëÿ îáùåãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ

en    decentralization system of drinking water supply

32* àâòîíîìíàÿ ñèñòåìà ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ: Óñòðîéñòâà è ñîîðóæåíèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå äëÿ çàáîðà, ïîäãîòîâêè èëè áåç ïîäãîòîâêè ïèòüåâîé âîäû, ñ ïîäà÷åé èëè áåç ïîäà÷è åå ê ìåñòàì ïîòðåáëåíèÿ, íàõîäÿùèåñÿ â ïîëüçîâàíèè ôèçè÷åñêèõ ëèö è çàêðûòûå äëÿ îáùåãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ

 

ÎÒÁÎÐ ÏÐÎÁ

33** ïðîáà âîäû: Îïðåäåëåííûé îáúåì âîäû, îòîáðàííûé äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ åå ñîñòàâà è ñâîéñòâ

de    Probe

en    sample

fr     echantillon

34** òî÷å÷íàÿ ïðîáà âîäû: Ïðîáà âîäû, ïîëó÷àåìàÿ îäíîêðàòíûì îòáîðîì íåîáõîäèìîãî îáúåìà âîäû â òî÷êå îòáîðà ïðîá

de    Stichprobe

en    spot sample

fr     echantillon ponctuel

35** ñîñòàâíàÿ ïðîáà âîäû: Äâå èëè áîëåå ïðîá âîäû èëè èõ ÷àñòåé, ñìåøèâàåìûõ â çàäàííûõ ïðîïîðöèÿõ

de    Mischprobe

en    composite sample

fr     echantillon composite

36 àâòîìàòè÷åñêèé îòáîð ïðîá âîäû: Îòáîð ïðîá âîäû áåç ó÷àñòèÿ ÷åëîâåêà ïî ðàçðàáîòàííîé ïðîãðàììå

de    automatische Probenahme

en    automatic sampling

fr     echantillonnage automatique

37 òî÷êà îòáîðà ïðîáû âîäû: Çàôèêñèðîâàííîå ìåñòîïîëîæåíèå îòáîðà ïðîáû âîäû

de    Probenahmestelle

en    sampling point

fr     point d’echantillonnage

38** ñåòü ïóíêòîâ îòáîðà ïðîá âîäû: Ñîâîêóïíîñòü çàðàíåå îïðåäåëåííûõ òî÷åê îòáîðà ïðîá

de    Probenahmenetz

en    sampling network

fr     reseau d’echantillonnage

39 ïðîáîîòáîðíèê: Óñòðîéñòâî, èñïîëüçóåìîå äëÿ îòáîðà ïðîá âîäû

de    Probenehmer

en    sampler

fr     echantillonneur

40 êîíñåðâàöèÿ ïðîáû âîäû: Äîáàâëåíèå õèìè÷åñêîãî âåùåñòâà è (èëè) èçìåíåíèå ôèçè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé äëÿ óìåíüøåíèÿ âîçìîæíûõ èñêàæåíèé îïðåäåëÿåìûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé â ïåðèîä ìåæäó ìîìåíòîì îòáîðà ïðîáû âîäû è åå èññëåäîâàíèåì

de    Probenstabilisierung

en    sample stabilization

fr     stabilisation de l'echantillon

ÔÈÇÈÊÎ-ÕÈÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÈ ÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÀ ÂÎÄÛ

41 âçâåøåííûå âåùåñòâà â âîäå: Âåùåñòâà, âûäåëåííûå èç âîäû ïóòåì ôèëüòðîâàíèÿ è (èëè) öåíòðèôóãèðîâàíèÿ

de    suspendierte Feststoffe

en    suspended solids

fr     matieres en suspension

42 îáùåå ñîäåðæàíèå ïðèìåñåé â âîäå: Îáùåå êîëè÷åñòâî ðàñòâîðåííûõ è âçâåøåííûõ âåùåñòâ â âîäå

de    gesamter Feststoffgehalt

en    total solids

fr     matieres solides totales

43** óäåëüíàÿ ýëåêòðîïðîâîäíîñòü âîäû: Ýëåêòðîïðîâîäíîñòü åäèíèöû îáúåìà âîäû

de    elektrische Leitfahigkeit

en    electrical conductivity

fr     conductivite electrique

44 àçîò ïî Êüåëüäàëþ: Ñóììàðíàÿ ìàññîâàÿ êîíöåíòðàöèÿ îðãàíè÷åñêîãî è àììîíèéíîãî àçîòà â ïðîáå âîäû, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ ïîñëå âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà ïðîáó ñåðíîé êèñëîòîé ïðè çàäàííûõ óñëîâèÿõ

de    Kjeldahl-Stickstoff

en    Kjeldahl nitrogen

fr     azote Kjeldahl

45 ïåðìàíãàíàòíàÿ îêèñëÿåìîñòü: Õèìè÷åñêîå ïîòðåáëåíèå êèñëîðîäà ïðè îáðàáîòêå ïðîáû âîäû ïåðìàíãàíàòíûì èîíîì ïðè îïðåäåëåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ

de    Permanganat-Index

        (von Wasser)

en    permanganate index

        (of water)

fr     indice permanganate

        (de l’eau)

46* áèõðîìàòíàÿ îêèñëÿåìîñòü: Õèìè÷åñêîå ïîòðåáëåíèå êèñëîðîäà ïðè îáðàáîòêå ïðîáû âîäû áèõðîìàòíûì èîíîì ïðè îïðåäåëåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ

 

47 ïîðîã âîñïðèÿòèÿ çàïàõà âîäû: Ìèíèìàëüíûé óðîâåíü çàïàõà âîäû, ðàçëè÷èìûé îëüôàêòîðíûìè îðãàíàìè ÷åëîâåêà

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

1 Àáñîëþòíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ ïîðîãà âîñïðèÿòèÿ çàïàõîâ íå ñóùåñòâóåò èç-çà âðîæäåííîé ðàçíèöû îëüôàêòîðíîé ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè ó ðàçíûõ ëþäåé.

2 Çíà÷åíèå ïîðîãà âîñïðèÿòèÿ çàïàõà âîäû îïðåäåëÿþò ñåðèéíûì ðàçâåäåíèåì ïðîáû âîäû ÷èñòîé âîäîé áåç çàïàõà äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà çàïàõ íå ñòàíåò íåðàçëè÷èì

de    Geruchsschwelle

en    odour threshold

fr     seuil olfactif

48 îñòàòî÷íîé õëîð: Õëîð, îñòàþùèéñÿ â âîäå ïîñëå õëîðèðîâàíèÿ â âèäå ñâîáîäíîãî èëè ñâÿçàííîãî õëîðà èëè â îáîèõ âèäàõ ñðàçó

de    gesamtes Restchlor

en    residual chlorine

fr     chlore residuel

49** ñâîáîäíûé õëîð: Õëîð, ïðèñóòñòâóþùèé â âîäå â âèäå õëîðíîâàòèñòîé êèñëîòû èëè (è) ãèïîõëîðèò-èîíà

de    freies Chlor

en    free chlorine

fr     chlore libre

50* ñâÿçàííûé õëîð: Õëîð, ïðèñóòñòâóþùèé â âîäå â âèäå õëîðàìèíîâ

 

51* ôåíîëüíûé èíäåêñ: Ìàññîâàÿ êîíöåíòðàöèÿ ôåíîëîâ â âîäå, âñòóïàþùèõ â ðåàêöèþ ñ 4-àìèíîàíòèïèðèíîì è â îïðåäåëåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ îáðàçóþùèõ ñ íèì îêðàøåííûå ñîåäèíåíèÿ

 

52* ñîäåðæàíèå íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ â âîäå: Ýêñòðàãèðóåìûå èç âîäû íåïîëÿðíûå è ìàëîïîëÿðíûå óãëåâîäîðîäû.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå -  ìåæäóíàðîäíîé ïðàêòèêå èñïîëüçóþò òåðìèí «óãëåâîäîðîäíûé èíäåêñ»

en    hydrocarbon oil index

ÁÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÎÊÀÇÀÒÅËÈ ÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÀ ÂÎÄÛ

53** äîííûå îòëîæåíèÿ: Äîííûå íàíîñû è òâåðäûå ÷àñòèöû, îáðàçîâàâøèåñÿ è îñåâøèå íà äíî âîäíîãî îáúåêòà â ðåçóëüòàòå âíóòðèâîäîåìíûõ ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèõ è áèîõèìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ, ïðîèñõîäÿùèõ ñ âåùåñòâàìè êàê åñòåñòâåííîãî, òàê è òåõíîãåííîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ

 

54 ïëàíêòîí: Ñîîáùåñòâî îðãàíèçìîâ, ñîñòîÿùåå èç ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ, âçâåøåííûõ â òîëùå âîäû è äðåéôóþùèõ ñ åå ïîòîêàìè

de    Plankton

en    plankton

fr     plancton

55 ôèòîïëàíêòîí: ×àñòü ïëàíêòîíà, ïðåäñòàâëåííàÿ ðàñòåíèÿìè

de    Phytoplankton

en    phytoplankton

fr     phytoplancton

56 çîîïëàíêòîí: ×àñòü ïëàíêòîíà, ïðåäñòàâëåííàÿ æèâîòíûìè

de    Zooplankton

en    zooplankton

fr     zooplancton

57 ìàêðîôèòû: Âûñøèå âîäíûå ðàñòåíèÿ

de    Makrophyten

en    macrophytes

fr     macrophytes

58** âîäîðîñëè: Ãðóïïà îäíî- èëè ìíîãîêëåòî÷íûõ íèçøèõ âîäíûõ ðàñòåíèé, âêëþ÷àÿ öèàíîáàêòåðèè

de    Algen

en    algae

fr     algues

59* âîäíûå ñàïðîôèòíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Ãåòåðîòðîôíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû, èñïîëüçóþùèå äëÿ ïèòàíèÿ îðãàíè÷åñêèå âåùåñòâà, â òîì ÷èñëå ïðîäóêòû æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè è îñòàíêè îðãàíèçìîâ

de    wasser saprophitare Mikroorganismus

en    water saprophyte microorganisms

60** îáùåå ìèêðîáíîå ÷èñëî; ÎÌ×: Îáùåå ÷èñëî ìåçîôèëüíûõ àýðîáíûõ è ôàêóëüòàòèâíî àíàýðîáíûõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, ñïîñîáíûõ îáðàçîâûâàòü êîëîíèè íà ïèòàòåëüíîì àãàðå ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 37 °Ñ â òå÷åíèå 24 ÷, âèäèìûå ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì â äâà ðàçà.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Íàðÿäó ñ èíêóáàöèåé ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 37 °Ñ èñïîëüçóþò èíêóáàöèþ ïîñåâîâ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 20-22 °Ñ â òå÷åíèå 72 ÷ äëÿ ó÷åòà ñàïðîôèòíûõ âîäíûõ ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ

de    Koloniezahl

en    Plate count

fr     numeration sur plaque

61* èíäèêàòîðíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Óñëîâíûå ãðóïïû ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ, ïðèñóòñòâèå êîòîðûõ ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î íàëè÷èè àíòðîïîãåííîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ è (èëè) íåäîñòàòî÷íîé î÷èñòêå âîäû

de    Indikator-mikroorganismus

en    indicating microorganisms

62* ñàíèòàðíî-ïîêàçàòåëüíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Èíäèêàòîðíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû, ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþùèå î âîçìîæíîì ôåêàëüíîì çàãðÿçíåíèè è ïîòåíöèàëüíîé îïàñíîñòè ïðèñóòñòâèÿ â âîäå âîçáóäèòåëåé èíôåêöèîííûõ çàáîëåâàíèé

de    hygienisches indikator Mikroorganismus

en    sanitary-indicatory microorganisms

63** îáùèå êîëèôîðìíûå áàêòåðèè; îáùèå êîëèôîðìû: Ãðàìîòðèöàòåëüíûå îêñèäàçîîòðèöàòåëüíûå íå îáðàçóþùèå ñïîð ïàëî÷êè, ñïîñîáíûå ðàñòè íà äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûõ ëàêòîçíûõ ñðåäàõ, ôåðìåíòèðóþùèå ëàêòîçó äî êèñëîòû, àëüäåãèäà è ãàçà ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 37 °Ñ â òå÷åíèå 24-48 ÷.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Èíäèêàòîðíàÿ ãðóïïà áàêòåðèé, óêàçûâàþùàÿ íà âîçìîæíîñòü ôåêàëüíîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ âîäû

de    Coliforme

en    coliform organisms

fr     organismes coliformes

64 òåðìîòîëåðàíòíûå êîëèôîðìíûå áàêòåðèè; òåðìîòîëåðàíòíûå êîëèôîðìû: Áàêòåðèè, îáëàäàþùèå ïðèçíàêàìè îáùèõ êîëèôîðìíûõ áàêòåðèé, à òàêæå ñïîñîáíûå ôåðìåíòèðîâàòü ëàêòîçó äî êèñëîòû, àëüäåãèäà è ãàçà ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 44 °Ñ â òå÷åíèå 24 ÷.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Èíäèêàòîðíàÿ ãðóïïà áàêòåðèé, óêàçûâàþùàÿ íà ôåêàëüíîå çàãðÿçíåíèå âîäû

de    thermotolerante Coliforme Fäkalcoliforme

en    thermotolerant/faecal coliform organisms

fr     organismes coliformes thermotolerants

65 Esherichia coli; E. coli: Àýðîáíûå è ôàêóëüòàòèâíî àíàýðîáíûå òåðìîóñòîé÷èâûå êîëèôîðìíûå áàêòåðèè, êîòîðûå ôåðìåíòèðóþò ëàêòîçó èëè ìàííèòîë ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 44 °Ñ â òå÷åíèå 24 ÷ ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì êèñëîòû è ãàçà, à òàêæå ïðîèçâîäÿò èíäîë èç òðèïòîôàíà.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Èíäèêàòîðíàÿ ãðóïïà áàêòåðèé, âêëþ÷àþùàÿ â ñåáÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî E. coli è óêàçûâàþùàÿ íà ôåêàëüíîå çàãðÿçíåíèå âîäû

de    Esherichia coli (E. Coli)

en    Esherichia coli (E. Coli)

fr     Esherichia coli (E. Coli)

66 ñóëüôèòðåäóöèðóþùèå êëîñòðèäèè: Ñïîðîîáðàçóþùèå àíàýðîáíûå ïàëî÷êîâèäíûå áàêòåðèè, ðåäóöèðóþùèå ñóëüôèòû äî ñóëüôèäîâ.

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

1 Øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû â ïî÷âå, ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ è ñòî÷íûõ âîäàõ, ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ â ôåêàëèÿõ.

2 Ñïîðû ñóëüôèòðåäóöèðóþùèõ êëîñòðèäèé, ÿâëÿÿñü áîëåå óñòîé÷èâûìè ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ âåãåòàòèâíûìè ôîðìàìè áàêòåðèé ê âîçäåéñòâèþ íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûõ ôèçè÷åñêèõ è õèìè÷åñêèõ ôàêòîðîâ, èñïîëüçóþòñÿ êàê èíäèêàòîð êà÷åñòâà îáðàáîòêè ïðè âîäîïîäãîòîâêå ïèòüåâîé âîäû

de    sulfitreduzierende Clostridien

en    sulphite-reducing clostridia

fr     clostridium sulfito-reducteurs

67** ôåêàëüíûå ñòðåïòîêîêêè: Ãðàìïîëîæèòåëüíûå êàòàëàçîòðèöàòåëüíûå ïîëèìîðôíûå êîêêè, ðàñïîëàãàþùèåñÿ ïîïàðíî èëè â öåïî÷êàõ, ñïîñîáíûå ðàñòè íà ïèòàòåëüíûõ ñðåäàõ ñ àçèäîì íàòðèÿ.

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

1 Èíäèêàòîðíàÿ ãðóïïà ôåêàëüíûõ ñòðåïòîêîêêîâ âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ âèäû ýíòåðîêîêêîâ, èìåþùèõ àíòèãåí ãðóïïû Ä.

2 Îáíàðóæåíèå ôåêàëüíûõ ñòðåïòîêîêêîâ â âîäå, äàæå â îòñóòñòâèå Å. coli, óêàçûâàåò íà ôåêàëüíîå çàãðÿçíåíèå âîäû

de    Fäkalstreptokokken

en    faecal streptococci

fr     streptocoques fecaux

68* êîëèôàãè: Áàêòåðèàëüíûå âèðóñû, ñïîñîáíûå ëèçèðîâàòü Å. coli è ôîðìèðîâàòü ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 37 °Ñ ÷åðåç 18-24 ÷ çîíû ëèçèñà íà ïèòàòåëüíîì àãàðå.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Áëàãîäàðÿ ñõîäñòâó ñ êèøå÷íûìè âèðóñàìè ÷åëîâåêà è áîëüøîé óñòîé÷èâîñòè ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ èíäèêàòîðíûìè ãðóïïàìè áàêòåðèé èõ ðàññìàòðèâàþò êàê ïîêàçàòåëè âîçìîæíîãî âèðóñíîãî çàãðÿçíåíèÿ âîäû

en    coliphages

fr     coliphages

69** íàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíîå ÷èñëî; ÍÂ×: Âåðîÿòíîñòíàÿ îöåíêà ÷èñëà ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ â îïðåäåëåííîì îáúåìå âîäû, ïîëó÷åííàÿ èç ñî÷åòàíèÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíûõ è îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ â ñåðèè îáúåìîâ ïðîáû, èññëåäîâàííûõ ñòàíäàðòíûìè ìåòîäàìè ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì æèäêèõ ïèòàòåëüíûõ ñðåä

de    wahrscheinlichste Zahl; MPN

en    most probable number; MPN

fr     nombre le plus probable; NPP

70** âèáðèîíû: Ãðàìîòðèöàòåëüíûå îêñèäàçîïîëîæèòåëüíûå âîäíûå áàêòåðèè, èìåþùèå ôîðìó èçîãíóòûõ ïàëî÷åê, ñïîñîáíûå ïåðåäâèãàòüñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ æãóòèêîâ.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Íåêîòîðûå âèäû âèáðèîíîâ ïàòîãåííû äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà (íàïðèìåð, Vibrio cholera è Vibrio parahaemolyticus)

de    Vibrio sp.

en    Vibrio sp.

fr     Vibrio sp.

71 ëåãèîíåëëû: Ðàçíîâèäíîñòü ïàòîãåííûõ äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà ãðàìîòðèöàòåëüíûõ áàêòåðèé, îïòèìàëüíîé òåìïåðàòóðîé äëÿ ðàçâèòèÿ êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿåòñÿ 30-45 °Ñ è êîòîðûå ìîãóò ìåäëåííî ðàçâèâàòüñÿ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 20 °Ñ è ïåðåíîñèòü òåìïåðàòóðó 55 °Ñ.

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

1 Âûäåëÿþòñÿ èç ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ âîä, èëà, òåðìàëüíî çàãðÿçíåííûõ îçåð è èñòî÷íèêîâ, à òàêæå ðàñïðåäåëèòåëüíûõ ñèñòåì ïèòüåâîãî è ãîðÿ÷åãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ.

2 Ñëóæàò âîçáóäèòåëÿìè ïíåâìîíèè «áîëåçíè ëåãèîíåðîâ» è ëèõîðàäêè Ïîíòèàêà. Ïóòü ïåðåäà÷è èíôåêöèè - ÷åðåç âîäíûå àýðîçîëè

de    Legionella species

en    Legionella species

fr     bacteries Legionella

72 ðîä Ïñåâäîìîíàäû: Àýðîáíûå ãðàìîòðèöàòåëüíûå îêñèäàçîïîëîæèòåëüíûå êàòàëàçïîëîæèòåëüíûå áàêòåðèè, íå îáðàçóþùèå ñïîð, ïîâñåìåñòíî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå â âîäíîé ñðåäå.

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

1 Èñïîëüçóþò äëÿ ñâîåãî ðîñòà ïðîñòûå îðãàíè÷åñêèå è íåîðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ, âñëåäñòâèå ÷åãî õîðîøî ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ ïðè ïîïàäàíèè â ïèòüåâóþ âîäó, íå ñîäåðæàùóþ õëîðà (èëè äðóãèõ îáåççàðàæèâàþùèõ àãåíòîâ), â ÷àñòíîñòè â âîäå, ðàñôàñîâàííîé â åìêîñòè.

2 Øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûì âèäîì ïñåâäîìîíàä, äëèòåëüíî âûæèâàþùèì â âîäíîé ñðåäå, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñèíåãíîéíàÿ ïàëî÷êà (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) - óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííûé ìèêðîîðãàíèçì, ñïîñîáíûé âûçûâàòü ðàíåâûå è êèøå÷íûå èíôåêöèè

de    Pseudomonas species

en    Pseudomonas species

fr     bacteries Pseudomonas

73* öèñòû ëÿìáëèé: Âðåìåííàÿ ôîðìà ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ ëÿìáëèé, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ èõ âûæèâàíèå âî âíåøíåé ñðåäå, ïåðåõîä îò îäíîãî îðãàíèçìà-õîçÿèíà ê äðóãîìó

en    Giardia cysts

Àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü òåðìèíîâ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå

àçîò ïî Êüåëüäàëþ                                                                                                 44

àììîíèçàöèÿ âîäû                                                                                                23

áàêòåðèè êîëèôîðìíûå îáùèå                                                                           63

áàêòåðèè êîëèôîðìíûå òåðìîòîëåðàíòíûå                                                    64

âåùåñòâà âçâåøåííûå â âîäå                                                                             41

âèáðèîíû                                                                                                                 70

âîäà àðòåçèàíñêàÿ                                                                                                  6

âîäà äîæäåâàÿ                                                                                                         8

âîäà ìèíåðàëüíàÿ                                                                                                  4

âîäà ìîðñêàÿ                                                                                                           7

âîäà ïèòüåâàÿ                                                                                                         3

âîäà ïîäçåìíàÿ                                                                                                       5

âîäîðîñëè                                                                                                                 58

âîäîñíàáæåíèå ïèòüåâîå                                                                                      1

ãèïåðõëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû                                                                                     21

äåèîíèçàöèÿ âîäû                                                                                                 19

äåñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ âîäíîãî îáúåêòà                                                                    14

äåõëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû                                                                                            22

äèñòèëëÿöèÿ âîäû                                                                                                 18

çîîïëàíêòîí                                                                                                            56

Esherichia coli                                                                                                           65

Å. coli                                                                                                                         65

èíäåêñ ôåíîëüíûé                                                                                                51

èñòî÷íèê ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ                                                                 9

êëîñòðèäèè ñóëüôèòðåäóöèðóþùèå                                                                   66

êîëèôàãè                                                                                                                  68

êîëèôîðìû îáùèå                                                                                                 63

êîëèôîðìû òåðìîòîëåðàíòíûå                                                                           64

êîíñåðâàöèÿ ïðîáû âîäû                                                                                     40

ëåãèîíåëëû                                                                                                             71

ìàêðîôèòû                                                                                                              57

ìàòåðèàë èîíîîáìåííûé                                                                                     26

ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû èíäèêàòîðíûå                                                                        61

ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû ñàíèòàðíî-ïîêàçàòåëüíûå                                                   62

ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû ñàïðîôèòíûå âîäíûå                                                           59

ìîðå                                                                                                                           12

ÍÂ×                                                                                                                            69

íîðìàòèâû êà÷åñòâà ïèòüåâîé âîäû ãèãèåíè÷åñêèå                                    2

îçîíèðîâàíèå âîäû                                                                                                24

îêèñëÿåìîñòü áèõðîìàòíàÿ                                                                                  46

îêèñëÿåìîñòü ïåðìàíãàíàòíàÿ                                                                           45

ÎÌ×                                                                                                                           60

îòáîð ïðîá âîäû àâòîìàòè÷åñêèé                                                                       36

îòëîæåíèÿ äîííûå                                                                                                 53

ïëàíêòîí                                                                                                                  54

ïëåíêà çîîãëåéíàÿ                                                                                                 27

ïîðîã âîñïðèÿòèÿ çàïàõà âîäû                                                                            47

ïðîáà âîäû                                                                                                               33

ïðîáà âîäû ñîñòàâíàÿ                                                                                            35

ïðîáà âîäû òî÷å÷íàÿ                                                                                             34

ïðîáîîòáîðíèê                                                                                                        39

ðîä Ïñåâäîìîíàäû                                                                                                 72

ðîäíèê                                                                                                                      10

ðó÷åé                                                                                                                         11

ñåòü ïóíêòîâ îòáîðà ïðîá âîäû                                                                           38

ñèñòåìà ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ àâòîíîìíàÿ                                             32

ñèñòåìà ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ íåöåíòðàëèçîâàííàÿ                             31

ñèñòåìà ïèòüåâîãî âîäîñíàáæåíèÿ öåíòðàëèçîâàííàÿ                                 30

ñîäåðæàíèå íåôòåïðîäóêòîâ â âîäå                                                                   52

ñîäåðæàíèå ïðèìåñåé â âîäå îáùåå                                                                  42

ñòðåïòîêîêêè ôåêàëüíûå                                                                                    67

ñòðàòèôèêàöèÿ âîäíîãî îáúåêòà                                                                        13

òî÷êà îòáîðà ïðîáû âîäû                                                                                     37

òðîôíîñòü âîäíîãî îáúåêòà                                                                                  15

óñòðîéñòâà âîäîî÷èñòíûå                                                                                     28

óñòðîéñòâà âîäîî÷èñòíûå áûòîâûå                                                                   29

ôèëüòðîâàíèå âîäû                                                                                               16

ôèëüòðîâàíèå âîäû ìåìáðàííîå                                                                        17

ôèòîïëàíêòîí                                                                                                         55

ôëîêóëÿíò                                                                                                                25

õëîð îñòàòî÷íûé                                                                                                     48

õëîð ñâîáîäíûé                                                                                                      49

õëîð ñâÿçàííûé                                                                                                      50

õëîðèðîâàíèå âîäû                                                                                                20

÷èñëî ìèêðîáíîå îáùåå                                                                                        60

÷èñëî íàèáîëåå âåðîÿòíîå                                                                                   69

öèñòû ëÿìáëèé                                                                                                       73

ýëåêòðîïðîâîäíîñòü âîäû óäåëüíàÿ                                                                   43

Àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòîâ òåðìèíîâ íà íåìåöêîì ÿçûêå

Algen                                                                                                                             58

Aminierung                                                                                                                    23

automatische Probenahme                                                                                              36

Bach                                                                                                                              11

Chlorung                                                                                                                        20

Coliforme                                                                                                                      63

Destratifizierung                                                                                                            14

Destillation                                                                                                                    18

elektrische Leitfähigkeit                                                                                                43

Entchlorung                                                                                                                    22

Entionisierung                                                                                                                19

Esherichia coli (E. Coli)                                                                                               65

Fäkalstreptokokken                                                                                                        67

Fäkalcoliforme                                                                                                              64

Filtration                                                                                                                        16

Flockungshilfsmittel                                                                                                      25

freies Chlor                                                                                                                   49

gesamter Feststoffgehalt                                                                                                42

gesamtes Restchlor                                                                                                        48

Geruchsschwelle                                                                                                           47

hygienisches indikator Mikroorganismus                                                                       62

Indikator-mikroorganismus                                                                                            61

Ionenaustauschmaterial                                                                                                  26

Koloniezahl                                                                                                                   60

Kjeldahl-Stickstoff                                                                                                        44

Legionella species                                                                                                         71

Makrophyten                                                                                                                  57

Meer                                                                                                                              12

Membranfiltration                                                                                                          17

Mineralwasser                                                                                                                 4

Mischprobe                                                                                                                   35

Ozonisierung                                                                                                                  24

Permanganat-Index (von Wasser)                                                                                  45

Phytoplankton                                                                                                                55

Plankton                                                                                                                         54

Probe                                                                                                                             33

Probenahmestelle                                                                                                          37

Probenahmenetz                                                                                                             38

Probenehmer                                                                                                                  39

Probenstabilisierung                                                                                                      40

Pseudomonas species                                                                                                    72

Quelle                                                                                                                            10

Regenwasser                                                                                                                   8

Schichtung                                                                                                                     13

Stichprobe                                                                                                                     34

Stoßchlorung                                                                                                                  21

sulfitreduzierende Clostridien                                                                                       66

suspendierte Feststoffe                                                                                                  41

thermotolerante Coliforme                                                                                             64

trinkbares Wasser                                                                                                            3

troph                                                                                                                              15

Vibrio sp.                                                                                                                      70

wahrscheinlichste Zahl; MPN                                                                                        69

wasser saprophitare Mikroorganismus                                                                          59

Zoogloenfilm                                                                                                                 27

Zooplankton                                                                                                                   56

Àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòîâ òåðìèíîâ íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå

algae                                                                                                                            58

ammonization                                                                                                               23

automatic sampling                                                                                                      36

centralization system of drinking water supply                                                            30

chlorination                                                                                                                  20

coliform organisms                                                                                                      63

coliphages                                                                                                                    68

composite sample                                                                                                        35

decrnorination                                                                                                              22

decentralization system of drinking water supply                                                        31

deionization                                                                                                                 19

destratification                                                                                                             14

distillation                                                                                                                   18

drinking water                                                                                                                3

drinking water supply                                                                                                    1

electrical conductivity                                                                                                 43

Esherichia coli (E. Coli)                                                                                             55

faecal streptococci                                                                                                       57

filtration                                                                                                                       16

flocculation aid                                                                                                            25

free chlorine                                                                                                                49

Giardia cysts                                                                                                                73

indicating microorganisms                                                                                           61

ion-exchange material                                                                                                  26

Kjeldahl nitrogen                                                                                                         44

Legionella species                                                                                                       71

macrophytes                                                                                                                 57

membrane filtration                                                                                                      17

mineral water                                                                                                                 4

most probable number; MPN                                                                                       69

odour threshold                                                                                                            47

ozonization                                                                                                                   24

permanganate index (of water)                                                                                    45

phytoplankton                                                                                                               55

Plate count                                                                                                                   60

plankton                                                                                                                       54

Pseudomonas species                                                                                                  72

rain water                                                                                                                      8

residual chlorine                                                                                                          48

sample                                                                                                                         33

sample stabilization                                                                                                     40

sampler                                                                                                                        39

sampling network                                                                                                         38

sampling point                                                                                                             37

sanitary-indicatory microorganisms                                                                             62

sea                                                                                                                               12

spot sample                                                                                                                  34

spring                                                                                                                           10

stratification                                                                                                                 13

stream                                                                                                                          11

sulphite-reducing clostridia                                                                                         66

superchlorination                                                                                                         21

suspended solids                                                                                                          41

thermotolerant/faecal coliform organisms                                                                   64

total solids                                                                                                                   42

trophic                                                                                                                         15

Vibrio sp.                                                                                                                     70

water saprophyte microorganisms                                                                               59

zooplankton                                                                                                                  56

zoogloeal film                                                                                                              27

Àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü ýêâèâàëåíòîâ òåðìèíîâ íà ôðàíöóçñêîì ÿçûêå

adjuvant de floculation                                                                                                25

algues                                                                                                                           58

ammoniaton                                                                                                                  23

azote Kjeldahl                                                                                                              44

bacteries Legionella                                                                                                    71

bacteries Pseudomonas                                                                                                72

chloration                                                                                                                     20

chlore libre                                                                                                                  49

chlore residuel                                                                                                             48

clostridium sulfito-reducteurs                                                                                      66

coliphages                                                                                                                    68

conductivite electrique                                                                                                43

cours d’eau                                                                                                                  11

dechloration                                                                                                                 22

deionisation                                                                                                                 19

destratification                                                                                                             14

distillation                                                                                                                   18

eau de boisson                                                                                                               3

eau de pluie                                                                                                                   8

eau minerale                                                                                                                  4

echantillon                                                                                                                   33

echantillon ponctuel                                                                                                     34

echantillon composite                                                                                                  35

echantillonnage automatique                                                                                        36

echantillonneur                                                                                                            39

Esherichia coli (E. Coli)                                                                                             65

filtration                                                                                                                       16

filtration sur membrane                                                                                                17

film de zooglee                                                                                                            27

indice permanganate (de l’eau)                                                                                    45

macrophytes                                                                                                                 57

matieres en suspension                                                                                                41

matieres solides totales                                                                                               42

matiere echangeuse d’ions                                                                                           26

mer                                                                                                                               12

nombre le plus probable; NPP                                                                                     69

numeration sur plaque                                                                                                  60

organismes coliformes                                                                                                 63

organismes coliformes thermotolerants                                                                       64

ozonisation                                                                                                                   24

phytoplancton                                                                                                               55

plancton                                                                                                                       54

point d’echantillonnage                                                                                                37

reseau d’echantillonnage                                                                                             38

seuil olfactif                                                                                                                 47

source                                                                                                                          10

stabilisation de l’echantillon                                                                                       40

stratification                                                                                                                 13

streptocoques fecaux                                                                                                    67

surchloration                                                                                                                21

trophe                                                                                                                           15

Vibrio sp.                                                                                                                     70

zooplancton                                                                                                                  56

ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ À

(ñïðàâî÷íîå)

Òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîíÿòèé, íåîáõîäèìûå äëÿ ïîíèìàíèÿ òåêñòà ñòàíäàðòà

À.1 àãëîìåðàöèÿ: Ñîåäèíåíèå ìåëêèõ õëîïüåâ èëè ÷àñòèö âçâåøåííûõ âåùåñòâ ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì áîëüøèõ õëîïüåâ èëè ÷àñòèö âçâåøåííûõ âåùåñòâ â âîäå

À.2 êîàãóëÿöèÿ: Ïðîöåññ óêðóïíåíèÿ êîëëîèäíûõ è âçâåøåííûõ ÷àñòèö

À.3 ôëîêóëÿöèÿ: Àãëîìåðàöèÿ ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ôëîêóëÿíòà

À.4** ôëîòàöèÿ: Ïðîöåññ îòäåëåíèÿ äèñïåðãèðîâàííûõ è êîëëîèäíûõ ïðèìåñåé îò âîäû, îñíîâàííûé íà ñïîñîáíîñòè ÷àñòèö ïðèëèïàòü ê âîçäóøíûì èëè ãàçîâûì ïóçûðüêàì è ïåðåõîäèòü âìåñòå ñ íèìè â ïåííûé ñëîé

À.5 äåíèòðèôèêàöèÿ: Óìåíüøåíèå ñîäåðæàíèÿ â âîäå íèòðèòíûõ èëè íèòðàòíûõ èîíîâ ïóòåì âîçäåéñòâèÿ áàêòåðèé

À.6 ñåäèìåíòàöèÿ: Îñàæäåíèå è îòëîæåíèå â âîäå âçâåøåííîãî âåùåñòâà ïîä äåéñòâèåì ñèëû òÿæåñòè

À.7* êîàãóëÿíò: Âåùåñòâî, ñòèìóëèðóþùåå óêðóïíåíèå è îñàæäåíèå âçâåøåííûõ è êîëëîèäíûõ ÷àñòèö, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â âîäå

À.8 áèîòà: Æèâûå êîìïîíåíòû ýêîñèñòåìû

À.9 àíàýðîáíûå îðãàíèçìû; àíàýðîáû: Îðãàíèçìû, íå òðåáóþùèå äëÿ âûæèâàíèÿ èëè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïðèñóòñòâèÿ ðàñòâîðåííîãî èëè ãàçîîáðàçíîãî êèñëîðîäà

À.10 àýðîáíûå îðãàíèçìû; àýðîáû: Îðãàíèçìû, òðåáóþùèå äëÿ âûæèâàíèÿ èëè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïðèñóòñòâèÿ ðàñòâîðåííîãî èëè ãàçîîáðàçíîãî êèñëîðîäà

À.11 ôàêóëüòàòèâíûå àýðîáû: Îðãàíèçìû, îáû÷íî àíàýðîáíûå, íî âûæèâàþùèå è ñëàáî ðàçìíîæàþùèåñÿ â ïðèñóòñòâèè êèñëîðîäà

À.12 ôàêóëüòàòèâíûå àíàýðîáû: Îðãàíèçìû, îáû÷íî àýðîáíûå, íî âûæèâàþùèå èëè ðàçìíîæàþùèåñÿ â îòñóòñòâèå êèñëîðîäà

À.13** ãåòåðîòðîôíîñòü: Òèï ïèòàíèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîì â êà÷åñòâå èñòî÷íèêà óãëåðîäà èñïîëüçóþòñÿ îðãàíè÷åñêèå ñîåäèíåíèÿ

À.14* ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Ãðóïïà îðãàíèçìîâ, íåâèäèìûõ íåâîîðóæåííûì ãëàçîì

À.15 òåðìîôèëüíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû, êîòîðûå ðàçâèâàþòñÿ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå áîëåå 45 °Ñ

À.16 ïñèõðîôèëüíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû, êîòîðûå ðàçâèâàþòñÿ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå ìåíåå 20 °Ñ

À.17 ìåçîôèëüíûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû, êîòîðûå ðàçâèâàþòñÿ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå îò 20 äî 45 °Ñ

À.18* ïàòîãåííûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû, ñïîñîáíûå âûçûâàòü çàáîëåâàíèÿ ëþäåé, æèâîòíûõ èëè ðàñòåíèé

À.19* óñëîâíî-ïàòîãåííûå ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû: Ìèêðîîðãàíèçìû, êîòîðûå â îáû÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ îáèòàíèÿ â îðãàíèçìå ÷åëîâåêà èëè æèâîòíûõ íå âûçûâàþò èíôåêöèîííîãî ïðîöåññà, íî ìîãóò ñòàòü ïðè÷èíîé çàáîëåâàíèÿ

À.20 ôîòîàâòîòðîôíûå áàêòåðèè: Áàêòåðèè, èñïîëüçóþùèå äëÿ ìåòàáîëèçìà ýíåðãèþ ñâåòà è äèîêñèä óãëåðîäà

À.21** ñàëüìîíåëëû: Ðîä áàêòåðèé ñåìåéñòâà Enterobacteriaceae.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Ïàòîãåííûå áàêòåðèè, ñïîñîáíûå âûçûâàòü êèøå÷íûå èíôåêöèè, â òîì ÷èñëå áðþøíîé òèô, ïàðàòèôû

À.22 ëÿìáëèè: Îäíîêëåòî÷íûå ïàðàçèòû êèøå÷íèêà ÷åëîâåêà è æèâîòíûõ, ðîä æãóòèêîíîñöåâ êëàññà çîîìàñòèãèí

À.23** âèðóñû: Ãðóïïà óëüòðàìèêðîñêîïè÷åñêèõ âíóòðèêëåòî÷íûõ ïàðàçèòîâ, ñîñòîÿùèõ èç íóêëåèíîâîé êèñëîòû, îêðóæåííîé çàùèòíîé ïðîòåèíîâîé èëè ñìåøàííîé îáîëî÷êîé èç ïðîòåèíîâ, ëèïèäîâ è óãëåâîäîâ

À.24** êèøå÷íûå âèðóñû: Âèðóñû, ñïîñîáíûå ðàçìíîæàòüñÿ â æåëóäî÷íî-êèøå÷íîì òðàêòå ÷åëîâåêà è æèâîòíûõ, îáèòàòü èëè òðàíçèòíî ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåç íåãî è âûäåëÿòüñÿ ñ ôåêàëèÿìè â îêðóæàþùóþ ñðåäó.

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

1 Ê ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿì êèøå÷íûõ âèðóñîâ îòíîñèòñÿ ðîä ýíòåðîâèðóñîâ: ïîëèâèðóñû, Êîêñàêè À è Â, ECHO, ýíòåðîâèðóñû 68-71.  øèðîêóþ ãðóïïó êèøå÷íûõ âèðóñîâ âõîäÿò òàêæå ðîòàâèðóñû, îòäåëüíûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè àäåíîâèðóñîâ, êîðîíàâèðóñû, êàëèöèâèðóñû, ðåîâèðóñû, âèðóñû ãåïàòèòà À è Å, âèðóñû Íîðâîëê, àñòðîâèðóñû, ìåëêèå àäåíîàññîöèèðîâàííûå âèðóñû.

2 Êèøå÷íûå âèðóñû âûçûâàþò çàáîëåâàíèÿ â ðàçëè÷íûõ êëèíè÷åñêèõ ôîðìàõ. Çàðàæåíèå îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ýíòåðàëüíûì ìåõàíèçìîì ïåðåäà÷è

À.25** áàêòåðèîôàã: Âèðóñ, ñïîñîáíûé èíàêòèâèðîâàòü áàêòåðèàëüíóþ êëåòêó, ðåïðîäóöèðîâàòüñÿ â íåé è âûçûâàòü åå ëèçèñ èëè ïåðåõîä â ëèçîãåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå

À.26* ïàðàçèò: Îðãàíèçì, èñïîëüçóþùèé â êà÷åñòâå èñòî÷íèêà ïèòàíèÿ èëè ñðåäû îáèòàíèÿ äðóãèå îðãàíèçìû, íàíîñÿ èì â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ âðåä

À.27* ãåëüìèíòû: Ãðóïïà ÷åðâåé-ïàðàçèòîâ, âûçûâàþùèõ ãåëüìèíòîçû.

Ïðèìå÷àíèå - ßéöà ãåëüìèíòîâ - ñòàäèÿ æèçíåííîãî öèêëà, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ âûæèâàíèå âíå õîçÿèíà, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ïåðåäà÷ó çàáîëåâàíèÿ

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: âîäà, êà÷åñòâî âîäû, âîäîïîäãîòîâêà, îòáîð ïðîá, àíàëèç âîäû, âîäîðàñïðåäåëèòåëüíûå ñèñòåìû, ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ âîäîïîäãîòîâêè




ßíäåêñ öèòèðîâàíèÿ



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